Internal-combustion engine.



A. F. BATGHELDER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. V

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 28, 1910.

v Patented June 3, 1913.

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- Inventor-2 8 a sa'FlBa Witnesses:

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Hlsa lttor'nes.

A. P. BATGHELDER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

v I APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 28, 1910- 1,063,638. Patented June 3, 1913.

2 SHEETES-SKEET 2.

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Witnesses:

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UNITED sinfrns PATENT OFFICE.

ASA F. BATCHELDER, ON'SGHENECTADY, NEW- YORK, ASSIGNOB. T0 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 3, 1913.

t Application filed September 28, 1910. Serial No. 584,176.

To all whom it may conrcrn:

Be it known. that I, ASA F. Bx'ronnnnnn, a citizen of the United States. residing at Schenectady, county of SCllQllLCiitklY- State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to engines driven by the expansive power of the highly heated products of combustion due to the igni-' tion of a mixture of air and hydrocarbon gas. In such engines the greater part of the energy of the burning gases is not utilized because a large portion of their heat is radiated from the walls of the cylinder and another considerable portion escapes through the exhaust. It is usually necessary to provide a water jacket or other means for preventing the engine cylinder from becoming dangerously hot, and this causes a loss of energy. The total percentage of energy dissipated and lost amounts to at least four-fifths of the initial energy of the explosive charge, and it the object of my invention to utilize some of this waste heat and cause it to do useful work at the engine shaft. I accomplish this by providing an auxiliary piston and cylinder, the latter receiving periodic charges of air which is in turn heated by the waste heat of the main cylinder and being expanded by. said heat exerts a pressure upon said auxiliary piston.

For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and of my invention reference may be had to the specification and claims which follow.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a vertical section of an upright internal combustion engine embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is aside elevation of the same; Fig. 3 is a eross section on the line 3--3, Fig. 1; Fig. 4 shows a modification; Fig. 5 shows a further modification, and Fig. (3 is a sect-ion ofthe air-valve shown in Fig. 5.

While the invention is applicable to multicylinder engines, yet it'can be more easily understood by describing and illustrating an engine having a. single main cylinder 1 in which. works a piston 2 connected by a pit: malt with acran'k 4 on the shaft 5. The

cylindendepcnds from the top 6 ofa cylindrical casing 7 which is concentric with said .cylinder-Imd of somewhat larger diameter,

an auto leave an annular space 8v between the gear wheels 16.

them. -Webs 9 integral with said cylinder and easing preferably bridge the space 8, extending lengthwise of said cylinder. There are several ports 10 in the walls of thecylinder, located a little above the piston when it stands at the end of it downward stroke.

In the upper head of the cylinder 1 are two Valves, an admission valve 11 and an exhaust valve 12. They are actuated in the. usual manner by cams 13, 14 on one or more cam shafts 15 geared to the crank shaft by The casing 7 is finished inside for a portion of its length below the cylinder so as to form an auxiliary cylinder of larger diameter, in which slides the tubular head or enlargement 17 integral with the piston 2, and extending downwardly therefrom. The annular surface of the shoulder 18 of this enlargement surrounding the piston 2 serves as an auxiliary piston which at each upward stroke compresses into the space 8 the gaseous contents of the annular space 19 between the piston 2 and the walls of the casing.

\V hen the auxiliary piston arrives at the end of its downward stroke, as shown in Fig. 1, it uncovers two portsin the walls of the casing 7. ()ne of these is an exhaust port 20 leading to the atmosphere. The

other port 21 is located a little below the port 20 and communicates by a passageway 22 with the lower part'of the casing 7 which forms a closed crank case. At some point below the'lowest position of the auxiliary piston or enlargement 17, is an air inlet 23 controlled by an inwardly opening valve 24: of any suitable type. b

The engine operates on a kind of combined four-'stroke-cycle an-l two-stroke-cycle system. Assume the parts to be in the position shown, with the piston at the end of its power stroke, and the cylinder 1 filled' with theburned gases of combustion. The crank turns clockwise, so that thecam 14 on the upward stroke will open thejexhaust valve 12 to permit the burned gases to escape. During this upward stroke the auxiliary piston draws air into the casing 7 through the inlet 23. The annular shoulder 18 at the same time compresses into the space 8 the gaseous contents of the space 19. Thesebecome highly heated by close contact with the outer walls of the cylinder 1 and the webs 9, so that on the next stroke, which is the suction stroke of the main piston,

fill with the fresh explosive mixture as the pistons move downward. The air. previously drawn in through the air inlet 23' is' somewhat compressed in the crank case by the downward movement of the auxiliary piston; sayto five or six pounds per square inch. Vhen the port is uncovered. the hotgases' can escape from the annular space 19.] and an instant later the uncovering of the port :21 permits the air compressed in the crank case to blow into the space 19 and fill it with fresh cool air. The cubic .con-. tents of the annular spaces 8 and 19 are preferably just equal to the displacement of e auxiliary piston during its downward stroke; in other words, on its up stroke said piston will draw into the crank case a volume of air just sufficient to fill the spaces 8 and 19 at-atmospheric pressure when theport 21 is uncovered, but not large enough to flow through the ports 10 and dilute the charge in the cylinder. The next stroke is the compression stroke for the main cylinder 1, and at the same time the air above the shoulder 18 is compressed into the space 8 to a little more than twice atmospheric pressure owing to the relative volumes of,

the spaces 8 and 19. "In this condition it rapidly absorbs heat'from the hot cylinder walls and the webs 9. cylinder 1 is ignited, the hot compressed air in the space power stroke of the engine, Towardihe end of the power stroke, themain piston un-' covers the ports 10', thereby permitting a portion of theburning gases to escape into the space 8, and exert their pressure upon the auxiliary piston. The heat of said gases also raises the temperature of the already- 5 hot air in the spaces 8 and 19 and thereby causes "it to exert. an additional pressure upon the auxiliary piston. Atthe end of the power stroke, the mixture ofhot air and burned gases escapes through the port 20 5aand a fresh charge of air comes in through the port 21. On the upward expulsion stroke, the exhaust valve 12 opens to permit the main piston to push out the burned gases left in the cylinder 1.

By properly .proportioning the volumes of the main cylinder and the space 8 (having them preferablyequal) and by suitably loeating the ports-10, preferably at about two-\- thirds the stroke, a. considerable compound; ing effect can be obtained, as above set forth. Moreover. the heat heretofore radiated by the cylinder walls, and that;remaining in the burned gases near the end-of the stroke,

power of the engine quite materially.

ner similar to that .valve when the cam When the charge in 8expands and assists in the" ton that are connected to auxiliary cylinder,

can be utilized to increase the efii- Under some circumstances it may be decooled. Such a construction is indicated in Fig. 4, where the water jacket 26'incloses the top and a portion of the side walls of the cylinder 1'. The valves are shown located at one side of the cylinder instead of in the top. In the drawing only the admission valve 11 appears, the exhaust valve being in line behind it. If it is desired to dispense with the alr inlet valve 2 1, a simple open port 27 may be used, so located as to be covered and uncovered by the auxiliary piston 17 in a manemployed in the so-called three-port two cycle engine.

Figs. 5 and 6 show a further modification inwhich the air inlet is arranged to be posi- .tively opened. This valve 28 is of the same type as the inlet and exhaust'valves 11 and 12.' It is located in and controls a passag'eway29 leading from the atmosphere to the crank casing at any suitable point, such, for instance, as near the lower end of the stroke of the auxiliary piston 17-. The'valve 28 isclosed by a spring 30, as usual, and is opened by a vcam duringevery' other revolution of the engine; preferably insynchro'ni'sm with the exhaust valve'12. This is readily accomplished-by means of a tappet 31 on the stem of the exhaust valve, arranged to lift the 'air 14 operates said stem. v The result of this arrangement-is that the air is admitted "to the crank case when the piston 2 makes its expulsion stroke,- is compressed therein during the following suction stroke and'is admitted to the spaces 19 and 8 at the end of said stroke. pression and power'strokes no air is admitted to the crank case; the valve being held tightly on its seatby the spring 30'dur-- ina the up stroke of. the auxiliary piston 17.

In accordance with the provisions of thepatent'statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with theapparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus-"shown is only illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In an internal combination of a main and move together, a main and an chamber, that surrounds the main cylinder and iswinconstantcommunication with the a port in the main cylin-- der that establishes communication between During the C0111".

combustion engine, the

anauxihary pisauxiliary cylinder, an air it and the chamber and is controlled by the 1:

main piston, iary cylinder iary piston, auxi that is controlled by the .auxils iary cylinder; inlet ..and' exhaust ports an exhaust p'ort'for the aluxilmeans for supplying air to the 115 What I claim as new and desire-to secure ton, amain and an auxiliarycylinder, an

. air chamber that surrounds the main cylinthrough whicha mixture of expanded and der and is in constant communication with the auxiliary cylinder, a port in the main cylinder that establishes communication between it and the chamber and is controlled by the main piston, an exhaust port for the auxiliary cylinder that is controlled by its piston, a closed crank case formin a pump chamber, a conduit connecting chamber with the auxiliary cylinder, an air inlet for the pump chamber, inlet and exhaust ports for the main cylinder, and a shaft driven by the: pistons.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a main and an auxiliary piston, a mainand-an auxiliar cylinder, an air chamber that surrounds the main cylinder and is in constant communication with the auxiliary cylinder, a controlled port in the main cylinder through which the rod nets of combustion pass into the air 0 amber before they are fully expanded, a controlled port for the auxiliary cylinder burned products of combustion pass,-a ump for supplying air to the auxiliary cy inder and said air chamber, inlet and exhaust" ports for the main cylinder and communicating with the outer end thereof, mechanically actuated valves for 0 ening'and closing said ports, and a sha t drivenby the pistons.

a. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a main and an auxiliary piston forming a single unit, a shaft, a connecting rod uniting the pistons and shaft, a main cylinder, an auxiliary cylinder, a chamber surrounding the main cylinder t e pump whichis always in communication with the auxiliary cylinder, exhaust ports in the mam cylinder wall that communicate with the chamber and are uncovered by the main piston shortly before it completes its outward stroke, an exhaust port for the auxiliary cylinder that is controlled by its piston, a pump for supplying pure air to the auxiliary cylinder and said chamber, the discharge of said pump being controlled by the auxiliary piston, a valve admitting a combustible mixture to the main cylinder, and ,an exhaust valve for the main cylinder that is open during the scavenging stroke of its-piston.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a main and an auxiliary piston, a shaft, a. driving connection between the pistons and the shaft, main and auxiliary cylinders, an annular chamber that surrounds the main cylinder and is in lininterru ted communication with the auxiliary cylin er, the cubical contents of the main cylinder and that of the chamber being substantially equal, ports located in. the main cylinder wall at a point about two-thirds of its iston stroke, said ports being controlled y the main piston, inlet and exhaust ports for the main cylinder, inlet and exaust ports for the auxiliary cylinder, the

so related that some of the'exports bein haust pro nets of the main cylinder escape throu' h the exhaust ports of the auxiliary cylin er, and a means for supplying pure air to the auxiliary cylinder and the annular chamber. a

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 26th day of, September 1910.

' ASA F. BATCHELDE'R.

Witnesses:

'BENJAMIN B. HULL,

HELEN ORFORD.

Copies of this patent may he obtained for five cents each; by addressing the Gominiuioner of Intel, wuhington; D. G."

It is hereby certified that in Letters ram No. 1,063,688, granted June s, 1913, upon the application of Asa Batcholder, of Schenectady, New York, for on improvement in Internal-Combustion Engines, an error oppeors in the printed specification requiring correction as fhllows: Page 3, line after the word expanded insert the word'ai/r; and that the said Letters Patent ihould he read with this correction thorein'thot the some may conform to'the record 0! the i in the Patent Chico.

Signed and nd an. 24th day of June, it.- n, ma;

[sun] ocenmmos,

, ton, amain and an auxiliarycylinder, an

. air chamber that surrounds the main cylinthrough whicha mixture of expanded and der and is in constant communication with the auxiliary cylinder, a port in the main cylinder that establishes communication between it and the chamber and is controlled by the main piston, an exhaust port for the auxiliary cylinder that is controlled by its piston, a closed crank case formin a pump chamber, a conduit connecting chamber with the auxiliary cylinder, an air inlet for the pump chamber, inlet and exhaust ports for the main cylinder, and a shaft driven by the: pistons.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a main and an auxiliary piston, a mainand-an auxiliar cylinder, an air chamber that surrounds the main cylinder and is in constant communication with the auxiliary cylinder, a controlled port in the main cylinder through which the rod nets of combustion pass into the air 0 amber before they are fully expanded, a controlled port for the auxiliary cylinder burned products of combustion pass,-a ump for supplying air to the auxiliary cy inder and said air chamber, inlet and exhaust" ports for the main cylinder and communicating with the outer end thereof, mechanically actuated valves for 0 ening'and closing said ports, and a sha t drivenby the pistons.

a. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a main and an auxiliary piston forming a single unit, a shaft, a connecting rod uniting the pistons and shaft, a main cylinder, an auxiliary cylinder, a chamber surrounding the main cylinder t e pump whichis always in communication with the auxiliary cylinder, exhaust ports in the mam cylinder wall that communicate with the chamber and are uncovered by the main piston shortly before it completes its outward stroke, an exhaust port for the auxiliary cylinder that is controlled by its piston, a pump for supplying pure air to the auxiliary cylinder and said chamber, the discharge of said pump being controlled by the auxiliary piston, a valve admitting a combustible mixture to the main cylinder, and ,an exhaust valve for the main cylinder that is open during the scavenging stroke of its-piston.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a main and an auxiliary piston, a shaft, a. driving connection between the pistons and the shaft, main and auxiliary cylinders, an annular chamber that surrounds the main cylinder and is in lininterru ted communication with the auxiliary cylin er, the cubical contents of the main cylinder and that of the chamber being substantially equal, ports located in. the main cylinder wall at a point about two-thirds of its iston stroke, said ports being controlled y the main piston, inlet and exhaust ports for the main cylinder, inlet and exaust ports for the auxiliary cylinder, the

so related that some of the'exports bein haust pro nets of the main cylinder escape throu' h the exhaust ports of the auxiliary cylin er, and a means for supplying pure air to the auxiliary cylinder and the annular chamber. a

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 26th day of, September 1910.

' ASA F. BATCHELDE'R.

Witnesses:

'BENJAMIN B. HULL,

HELEN ORFORD.

Copies of this patent may he obtained for five cents each; by addressing the Gominiuioner of Intel, wuhington; D. G."

It is hereby certified that in Letters ram No. 1,063,688, granted June s, 1913, upon the application of Asa Batcholder, of Schenectady, New York, for on improvement in Internal-Combustion Engines, an error oppeors in the printed specification requiring correction as fhllows: Page 3, line after the word expanded insert the word'ai/r; and that the said Letters Patent ihould he read with this correction thorein'thot the some may conform to'the record 0! the i in the Patent Chico.

Signed and nd an. 24th day of June, it.- n, ma;

[sun] ocenmmos, 

